This article analyses archival-documentary evidence for the socio-economic dimensions of ethnic processes in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Mawarannahr. While chronicles usually mention ethnic groups during wars, dynastic struggles or appointments, documentary materials record landholding, waqf property, sale contracts, rental relations, commercial buildings, mills, caravanserais, tax privileges and service-based grants. The study focuses on four groups of documents: waqf deeds and waqf yarliks, land-sale and household-economic acts, in'am, suyurghal, tankha and administrative-legal grants, and the documentary complex connected with the Juybari sheikhs. Using comparative documentary analysis, the article argues that ethnic processes in Mawarannahr should not be interpreted only as migration or military incorporation. The documents reveal how military-political groups, ruling families, religious landholders and urban economic actors interacted through property, legal rights, waqf institutions and fiscal privileges. The 1514 Waqf-nama associated with the Shibanid madrasa, Juybari commercial and land records, and published Bukhara and Samarkand acts demonstrate that integration took place through land, trade infrastructure, agricultural production and urban property as well as through political service. Documentary sources therefore correct and supplement narrative chronicles: they show the economic foundations behind social incorporation and make visible forms of participation that political histories rarely describe in detail.
Land, Waqf And Administrative Privilege: Documentary Evidence for Socio-Economic Dimensions of Ethnic Processes in Sixteenth-Seventeenth-Century Mawarannahr
DOI:
Keywords:
Abstract
Downloads
References
Abdurayimov, M. 'Pozdneishie upominaniia o soiurgale.' Obshchestvennye nauki v Uzbekistane, no. 2, 1961.
Chekhovich, O. D., ed. Dokumenty k istorii agrarnykh otnoshenii v Bukharskom khanstve: Akty feodal'noi sobstvennosti na zemliu XVII-XIX vv. Tashkent, 1954.
Chekhovich, O. D. Samarkandskie dokumenty XV-XVI vv. Moscow: Nauka, 1974.
Fazlallah ibn Ruzbihan Isfahani. Mikhman-name-yi Bukhara. Moscow: Nauka, 1976.
Hafiz Tanish Bukhari. Abdulla-nama. Tashkent, 2000, vol. 2.
Ivanov, P. P. Khoziaistvo dzhuybarskikh sheikhov. Moscow-Leningrad, 1954.
Iz arkhiva sheikhov Dzhuybari: Materialy po zemel'nym i torgovym otnosheniiam Srednei Azii XVI v. Moscow-Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1938.
Khoja Samandar Termezi. Dastur al-muluk. Tashkent, 1997.
Mahmud ibn Wali. More tain otnositel'no doblestei blagorodnykh: Geografiia. Tashkent: Fan, 1977.
Mukminova, R. G. K istorii agrarnykh otnoshenii v Uzbekistane XVI v. Po materialam 'Vakf-name'. Tashkent: Nauka, 1966.
Muhammad Amin Bukhari. Muhit al-tawarikh. Translated and annotated by D. Yusupova and U. Hamroev. Tashkent, 2020.
Muhammad Talib. Matlab al-talibin. Translated by Gh. Karimiy and E. Mirkomilov. Tashkent: Mawarannahr, 2016.
Muhammad Yusuf Munshi. Mukim-khanskaia istoriia. Tashkent, 1956.
Petrushevsky, I. P. 'K istorii instituta soiurgala.' Sovetskoe vostokovedenie, no. 6, 1949.
Tursunov, E. A. Istoriia slozheniia i razvitiia feodal'nykh khoziaistv dzhuybarskikh sheikhov v XVI-XVII vv. Candidate dissertation, Dushanbe, 2021.
Waqf-nama-yi hazrat-i Shaybani Khan. As discussed in R. G. Mukminova, K istorii agrarnykh otnoshenii v Uzbekistane XVI v. Tashkent: Nauka, 1966.