Regional museums play a central role in preserving cultural heritage, interpreting historical evidence, supporting education, and connecting local communities with their past. This study examines the functions of the Fergana Regional State Museum of History and Culture within the contemporary cultural environment of Uzbekistan. A qualitative case-study approach was applied using institutional materials, national museum legislation, international museum standards, and relevant museological literature. The analysis considers five interconnected areas: collection preservation and research, historical memory and regional identity, museum-based education, digital communication, and cultural tourism. The findings indicate that the museum’s archaeological, historical, ethnographic, documentary, and artistic collections provide an important basis for reconstructing and communicating the multi-layered history of the Fergana Valley. However, the museum’s wider social impact depends not only on the preservation of objects but also on the quality of their interpretation, accessibility, educational use, and integration into regional cultural routes. The study proposes a development framework based on collection digitisation, visitor-centred interpretation, cooperation with educational institutions, multilingual communication, accessibility, and systematic evaluation of visitor engagement. The case demonstrates how a regional museum can develop from a primarily collection-oriented institution into an active platform for research, learning, public dialogue, and sustainable cultural tourism.