The enigmatic decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) remains a subject of scholarly intrigue. This study investigates the role of environmental factors in the unraveling of the IVC, shedding light on how natural processes and human-environment interactions contributed to its demise. By synthesizing archaeological, paleoenvironmental, and historical evidence, the study examines the influence of changing climate patterns, water resource management, land degradation, and ecological shifts on the civilization's collapse. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this research seeks to untangle the intricate web of environmental catalysts that played a pivotal role in reshaping the trajectory of one of the world's oldest urban civilizations.

This abstract provides a concise overview of the regulatory legal basis for the protection of citizens with disabilities in Uzbekistan from 2017 to 2022. During this period, Uzbekistan demonstrated a strong commitment to disability rights through its legislative framework. The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, along with laws on social protection and rehabilitation, provided a solid foundation for the protection and inclusion of citizens with disabilities. Policy initiatives and programs focused on inclusive education, healthcare, employment, and social integration. While progress was made, challenges in implementation and awareness remained. Continued efforts, including effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, are crucial to ensure sustained advancements in protecting the rights and well-being of citizens with disabilities in Uzbekistan.

The attention to science, which began in the early period of independence, brought about many significant changes in our country. In the current era, which is called New Uzbekistan, these positive activities have undoubtedly reached their peak.

As the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, I.A. Karimov, said: "A deep truth should be clear to all of us - no matter how well-thought-out programs we create for the future development of our country, what material base and opportunities we create for the implementation of these plans, how much investment we mobilize for this, There is a powerful factor that implements and realizes all of them, and if it is a highly qualified labor force and our mature professional youth who are able to take responsibility for the future and development of our country, I think it will be no mistake" [1]. On the basis of the above, certain works were carried out in Uzbekistan in connection with these works.

"Vaishnavism's Journey in Andhra: A Comprehensive Case Study" offers a deep exploration of the historical and cultural trajectory of Vaishnavism within the Andhra region. This comprehensive case study investigates the multifaceted evolution of Vaishnavism, tracing its origins, propagation, and adaptations across different historical periods. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that combines textual analysis, architectural studies, and sociocultural investigations, this research provides a holistic understanding of how Vaishnavism has thrived and transformed within the unique socioreligious context of Andhra.

Today, extensive work is being done on issues related to support of the elderly, and creation of all necessary conditions for their full and active participation in the socio-political life of the country.

Particular attention is paid to improving the quality of life of the population, including increasing the social activity of the elderly and improving their living standards, as well as increasing their role in ensuring peace and tranquility in society, families and neighborhoods, and raising the younger generation in the spirit of respect for our century-old traditions.

This article highlights the role of the Amudarya waterway in the trade relations of the Emirate of Bukhara. Based on archival materials, the article substantiates the importance of waterways in the economic life of the Emirate of Bukhara and the further development of trade relations of the Emirate of Bukhara with Eastern countries through the Amudarya waterway. It also covers the internal trade relations of the Emirate of Bukhara through the Amudarya waterway, the establishment of the Amudarya flotilla, the role of the flotilla and local ships in the transportation of commercial cargo on the banks of the Amudarya. In addition, the article analyzes the transformation of the Bukhara-Afghanistan border into the Russia-Afghanistan border, establishment of the control of the Russian Empire at the crossings and customs points along the Amudarya, the subordination of the trade of the Emirate of Bukhara to the Russian Empire as well as the issues of transit trade routes with Afghanistan, Iran and India in the interests of the great imperialist policy of the Russian ruling circles. The author studied the volume of trade turnover through the customs crossing Pattakesar in the oasis on the basis of historical and archival materials, and tried to reveal the changes in the development of trade relations through a table.