This article is devoted to the study of lexical units expressing absolute time in Old Turkic runic inscriptions. Based on ancient Turkic written monuments, particularly inscriptions, the research analyzes the usage, semantic development, and functional characteristics of time-related lexemes such as kün, tün, ay, yïl, and yaŋï. The study highlights the polysemantic nature of these units, demonstrating that they simultaneously denote both cosmic entities (sun, moon) and chronological units (day, month). In addition, expressions such as kün toγuru and käčä yaruq are examined as examples of time representation based on natural astronomical phenomena. The article shows that ancient Turks possessed a well-developed system of time reckoning and recorded events in a precise chronological order using year, month, and day units. It also explores the similarities between Turkic chronological methods and the Chinese timekeeping system, indicating intercultural interactions. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the semantic structure of the Old Turkic language, particularly the conceptualization and expression of time.
Absolute Time Units in Old Turkic Runic Inscriptions
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