Solid waste management is a multidimensional environmental and institutional challenge involving waste generation, collection, transportation, treatment, recovery, and final disposal. Ineffective management systems can contribute to environmental degradation, public health risks, inefficient resource utilization, and declining urban living conditions. This paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework for assessing solid waste management systems and identifying opportunities for operational optimization. The study adopts a structured review and conceptual synthesis of the twelve references provided, covering municipal waste generation, household management practices, sanitation alternatives, and waste management experiences in Nigeria, Nepal, Ghana, and Ethiopia. The methodological framework integrates waste-generation assessment, collection efficiency, transportation performance, treatment and recovery capacity, environmental safeguards, financial feasibility, and institutional accountability. The synthesis indicates that solid waste management effectiveness cannot be assessed through collection coverage or disposal capacity alone; it requires an integrated evaluation of service accessibility, household participation, infrastructure, operational reliability, and environmental performance. The proposed framework supports context-sensitive planning through performance indicators, alternative scenario assessment, and continuous monitoring. However, the study is conceptual and literature-based rather than an empirical measurement of municipal performance. Its contribution lies in organizing the available evidence into an adaptable decision-support structure for improving waste management efficiency, sustainability, and service delivery.