ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CRISIS, EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL INSIGHT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-07-03Keywords:
Ethno-Religious, CrisisAbstract
Ethno-religious forces are very potent in the world, they engage the society as a double edge sword. This is perhaps why they can cause conflict or abate it depending on which of the edges being used. This study addresses the serious issues of ethno-religious crisis and their adverse effect on education and good governance in Nigeria. The paper contends that ethno-religious conflicts are twin evils that always bedevils Nigeria, which tends to stretch the bounds of unity to a potentially snapping point. The paper however posits that from about the beginning of the 21st century, the once centers of African civilizationslides into ethno-religious crisis. What principally accounts for this unsavory state of affairs is the strong prejudice of the parallel forces of ethnicity and religion. The kernel of the paper rests on the fact that for Nigeria to experience an appreciable and sustainable level of educational development with regard to the attainment of national unity, integration and sustainable democracy especially good governance, there must be a paradigm shift in emphasis through adequate encouragement of ethno-religious education to achieve good governance. The paper adopts chiefly the thematic, critical and analytical methodology, as well assecondary source of data collection for analysis.
Downloads
References
Achebe, Chinua (1982), “Pattern of Social Conflicts: State, Class and Ethnicity”, Deadalis, Vol.3, No.2
Adebayo, A. (1997), Principles and Practice of Public Administration in Nigeria. Lagos: Spectrum Books Ltd.
Adeniyi, M. O. (1993), “Religion and Politics: An Eye Bird View of Development in Nigeria”. In R. D. Abubakar (Ed), Religion and Politics in Nigeria. Ilorin: NASR.
Adeyemo, B. A. & Emmanuel, B. O. (2021), “Federalism, Ethno-Religious Conflicts and the Restructuring Debate in Nigeria”. Vuna Journal of History and International Relations, Vol.5, No.4, pp.253-261.
Agaba, J. (2013), “Ethno-Religious Crises and the Survival of the Nigerian State. In C. B. N. Ogbogbo& O. Okpeh Jr (Eds), Federalism in Historical Perspective. Makurdi: Aboki Publishers Ltd.
Annan, K. (1998), “The Causes of Conflict and Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa. A/52? 871-S/998/8. Accessed 28/9/2021.
Connelly, P. (1946), The Treaties on the gods. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Despress, L. A. (1975), “Towards a Theory in Ethnic and Phenomenon”. In A. Heo, & L. A. Despress, (Eds.), Ethnicity and Resource Competition Impair Societies. Hague: Monton Publishers.
Dewey, J. (2005), Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. New York: Free Press.
Diamond, L. (2004), “Building a System of Comprehensive Accountability and Control Corruption”. In A. B. Adigwe, Diamond, L. &Onwudike, E. (Eds), Nigeria’s Struggle for Democracy and Good Governance: A Festscrift for OgeleyeOyediran. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
Dike, V. (2000), The State of Education in Nigeria. Sacramento: Lighting Press, p.9
Duke, O. T., Ekawu, J. E. &Agbaji, D. D. (2020), “Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Nigeria’s National Security”. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Social, Vol. 25, No.7, Series 10, July 2020, pp.15-23. Available at (https://www.iosrjournals.org), accessed 28/10/2021.
Eferebo, I. &Eferebo, D. I. (2021), “Ogidiga Worship among the Nembe-Ijo of Nigeria: African Culture History in Perpective”. Helsink Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Vol.4, No.2, pp.53-73. Available at (https://eduassists.org/hjssh/current-issue.html), accessed 14/8/2021.
Egwu, S. (2001), Ethnic Religion Violence in Nigeria. Abuja: African Center for Democratic Governance.
Ekpenyong, N.S, Raimi, L. &Ekpenyong, A.S (2012). Urban poverty and juvenile delinquency in Nigeria: Through the lens of Port Harcourt remand home inmates. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(8), 127-132, 2012.
Elaigwu, I. J. (2004), “The Challenge of Nation-Building in the Twenty-First Century: The Nigerian Experience”. In M. L. Mefor& D. Abdullahi (Eds), Lecture Series Vol.1. Abuja: Alumni, p.45
Encarta Microsoft Dictionary, 2007.
Engel, E. N. (2020), “Fighting Security Challenges through Good Governance: North-East in Perspective”. Kaduna Journal of Humanities, Vol.4, No.1, pp.190-206.
Gofwen, R. I. (2004), Religious Conflicts in Nigeria and Nation Building. Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor.
Gurr, T. R. (1971), Why Men Rebel. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, p.23
Hans, E. (1978), “Comparative Education”. In A. A. Fafunwa& J. U. Asiku (Eds), Education in Africa. London: Allen & Unwin.
Itelemo, M. (2014), “Education and Good Governance”. International Journal of Current Research in the Humanities, Vol. 19, September, pp.153-158.
John, J. (1991), “Aid and Good Governance in Africa”. The Round Table.
Kalu, N. (2009), “Sociological Foundations of Education”. In Model Essays in Education. Port Harcourt: University Press, p.25
Kano, M. K. (1983), “Ethnicity and Social Cohesion”. National Institute Kuru: NIPSS, P.93
Lindsay, S. (2000), The State of Education and Global Competitiveness. London: Macmillan.
Mahadi, A. et al (1994), Nigeria: The State of the Nation and the Way Forward. Kaduna: Arewa House, p.435.
Obaje, A. Y. (2002), Religious Governance and Communal Conflict. Paper Presented at Kuru: NIPPS.
Odey, M. O. (2013), “Reflections on the Dynamics of Ethnic Nationalism and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism. In C. B. N. Ogbogbo& O. Okpeh Jr (Eds.), Federalism in Historical Perspective. Makurdi: Aboki Publishers, p.25
Offiong, D. A. (1980), Organized Labour and Political Development in Nigeria. Calabar: Centour Press.
Okwueze, M. C. (2017), Ethics, Religion and Society: Biblical, Tradition and Contemporary Perspectives. Enugu: Timex Publishers, p.107
Omoregbe, J. (1993), Ethics: A Systemic Study. Lagos: Joja Publishers, p.150
Osaghae, E. E (1992), “Ethnicity and Democracy”. In A. Fasoro, (Ed.), Understanding Democracy. Ibadan: Book Craft Ltd.
Otite, O. (1983),”On the Concept of Ethnicity in Nigeria”. In National Institute Kuru: NIPSS, p.8
Plato (1988), Republic, G. M. A. Grube (Ed), New York: Penguin Books, p.190
Raimi, L. (2017). Poverty, monetization of conflict and insecurity in the Niger Delta region. International Journal of Operational Research in Management, Social Sciences & Education, 3(2): 42-51, September.
Raimi, L. &Boroh, E. S. (2018). Incentivising violent behaviours in the Niger Delta region: The commodification hypothesis. Development Studies Roundtable: A Journal of Development, UNIPORT, 6(2), 53-61.
Salawu, B. (2010), “Ethno-Religious Conflict in Nigeria: Causal Analysis and Proposals for New Management Strategies”. European Journal of Social Sciences, vol.12, No.3.
Spiff, A. P. D (2022), Personal Communication with the Amanyanabo of Twon-Brass at his Port Harcourt Residence January 23, 2022.
Spiro, M. (1996), Religion: Problems of Definition and Explanation”. In M. Banton (Ed), Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion. London: Tavistock, p.98
Yahaya, O. L. (2004), Religious Crises and Social Disruption in North-Eastern Nigeria. Ibadan: Low Books, pp.1-10.
